4M barrels/day of crude show U.S. fossil fuel dependence on Canada
Energy analysts see Trump's tariff carveouts as an admission that the U.S. cannot price out Canadian fossil fuel imports. IEA data shows Midwestern refineries and pipelines are optimized for heavy Canadian crude, locking in flows even amid decarbonization goals.
Source: Rob Gillies (gb) · Sarah Ritchie The Canadian Press (ca)